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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
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Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

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The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
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Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Overview
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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三酸盐固体中辐射诱导的缺陷

Samantha J Kruse1, Harindu Rajapaksha1, Jay A LaVerne2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, USA, 52242.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
概括

对复合物的辐射暴露会产生酸盐基,影响它们的化学行为. 了解这些相互作用是管理放射性材料及其影响的关键.

关键词:
密度函数理论 密度函数理论在EPR光谱学中使用EPR光谱.自由基 自由基是自由基的组成部分.辐射辐射辐射辐射辐射辐射辐射是一种.

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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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科学领域:

  • 放射化学 放射化学是指辐射化学.
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 计算化学的计算化学

背景情况:

  • 像一样,阿克化物是放射性的,会发出电离辐射.
  • 电离辐射可以通过形成自由基来改变化学环境.
  • 在原子层面上,不完全理解表酸盐和自由基之间的相互作用.

研究的目的:

  • 调查紫外线和玛辐射对固态U ((VI) 三酸盐复合物的影响.
  • 了解复合物和辐射诱导的自由基之间的原子相互作用.
  • 为了阐明辐射后复合物的结构和化学变化.

主要方法:

  • 电子偏磁共振 (EPR) 光谱学
  • 拉曼光谱法 拉曼光谱法 拉曼光谱法
  • 密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算.

主要成果:

  • 酸盐和M[UO2(NO3) 3) 固体的紫外线和玛辐射产生酸基.
  • DFT计算表明,双酸盐离子转化为单酸盐基.
  • 准确的EPR签名预测需要考虑物种的第二个协调球.

结论:

  • 辐射U(VI) 三酸盐复合物导致酸盐基的形成.
  • 观察到的降解产物和基性物种受到该综合体的结构和环境的影响.
  • 计算建模对于解释实验结果和理解放射诱导的活性化物中的化学转换至关重要.