[呼吸系统病毒:旧和新. 对诊断方法的审查]
José María Navarro-Marí1, Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz1
1Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada. España.
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
|April 15, 2024
概括
病毒性急性呼吸道感染 (ARIs) 在全球引起重大疾病和死亡,特别是在脆弱人群中. 早期诊断和了解新出现的病毒威胁对公共卫生至关重要.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 病毒源的急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 是全球主要的疾病和死亡原因.
- 许多病毒,包括流感,RSV,犀利病毒,腺病毒,甲肺病毒,新冠病毒 (HCoV-NL63,HCoV-HKU1,SARS-CoV) 和口腔病毒,导致ARIs.
- 虽然在健康的成年人中通常是温和的,但病毒性ARIs对儿童,老年人和免疫力低下的人构成严重风险,导致住院治疗和增加医疗负担.
研究的目的:
- 突出病毒性急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 的全球重大影响.
- 讨论对ARI负责的病毒病原体范围,包括新发现的病原体.
- 强调诊断挑战和不断发展的检测这些病毒的方法.
主要方法:
- 对病毒性ARI流行病学和诊断现有文献的审查.
- 识别与ARI相关的传统和新兴病毒病原体.
- 经典诊断方法 (培养,抗原检测) 与现代分子技术 (如PCR) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 病毒性ARIs对全球的发病率和死亡率做出了重大贡献,特别是在寒冷的月份.
- 新发现的病毒如甲肺病毒,某些冠状病毒和口腔病毒越来越多地被认为是ARI的原因.
- 分子放大技术对于诊断由最近发现的呼吸道病毒引起的感染至关重要.
结论:
- 病毒性ARIs在全球范围内代表着一个重大和持续的公共卫生挑战.
- 致病性病毒病原体的谱系正在扩大,需要先进的诊断方法.
- 病毒性ARI的有效管理需要及时和准确的诊断,特别是在高风险群体.
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