火灾的影响和热带泥炭森林生态系统的恢复前景
Mark E Harrison1,2, Nicolas J Deere3, Muhammad Ali Imron4
1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.
概括
无法控制的火灾严重破坏热带泥炭地森林,减少生物多样性和生态系统功能. 长期监测显示一些植被恢复,但反复发生的火灾威胁着森林的弹性和恢复工作.
科学领域:
- 热带生态 热带生态
- 林业科学 林业科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 无法控制的火灾对森林生态系统构成重大威胁,阻碍了保护和恢复目标.
- 对于热带地区的火灾影响的理解有限,尤其是在多年期间,这使生态评估变得复杂.
- 热带泥炭地特别容易受到火灾的影响,这对生物多样性和生态系统服务产生了深远的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估16年来火灾对印尼热带泥炭地森林的生态影响.
- 评估火灾事件后生态系统和生物多样性恢复的潜力.
- 了解生态系统特性和生物多样性对反复发生的高强度火灾的敏感性.
主要方法:
- 编制了16年的17个生态系统属性和21个生物多样性变量数据.
- 将烧毁和未烧毁的森林面积进行比较,以量化火灾影响.
- 分析了生态系统特性和生物多样性的时间趋势,以推断恢复潜力.
主要成果:
- 烧毁的森林表现出显著改变的结构和微气候条件,息地结构,树木密度和树冠覆盖的58%-98%恶化.
- 物种多样性和丰富性下降,最显著的是树木,蝶和蝶,特别是森林专家.
- 经常发生的火灾立即影响了水质和树木现象学,导致鱼类数量崩和危脊椎动物的逐渐减少.
结论:
- 无法控制的火灾对热带森林的生态功能构成普遍威胁,影响生态系统特性和生物多样性.
- 虽然在12年内观察到一些植被恢复,但结构完整性和生物多样性仍然受到损害.
- 有效的防火和长期恢复战略对于减轻火灾对热带森林生态系统的有害影响至关重要.
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