城市化推动了城市的α和β多样性模式
Mason Fidino1, Heather A Sander2, Jesse S Lewis3
1Conservation and Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614.
概括
美国城市的城镇化增加了哺乳动物物种的丰富性和占用率,尤其是在没有那么透的覆盖面的地方. 这些发现凸显了城市发展如何影响城市野生动物和自然的可访问性.
科学领域:
- 城市生态城市生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 城市生物多样性
背景情况:
- 像 gentrification 这样的社会过程越来越多地被认为对城市环境的生态影响.
- 缺乏对 gentrification 如何具体影响城市生物多样性,特别是野生动物的细微了解.
- 城市野生动物对生态系统健康和人类福祉至关重要,但其可访问性往往不平等.
研究的目的:
- 评估 gentrification 对美国 23 个城市哺乳动物物种丰富性和社区组成的影响.
- 为了确定 gentrification 是否影响城市地区个体哺乳动物物种的占用.
- 探索 gentrification,城市生物多样性和不透气的表面覆盖之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对大型摄像头陷数据集的分析,重点关注重量超过500克的哺乳动物.
- 统计控制无透表面覆盖对物种丰富性和占用量的负面影响.
- 在23个不同的美国城市进行了比较分析,以确定 gentrification 影响的模式.
主要成果:
- 与非城镇化地区相比,城镇化城市地区的哺乳动物物种丰富程度更高,即使考虑到不透气的覆盖.
- 哺乳动物社区的组成显示了与几座城市的 gentrification 相关的变化,主要是在西海岸.
- 大约一半的被研究的哺乳动物物种 (共21种中的11种) 在 gentrified 城市区显示出更高的占用率,特别是在具有较低无透覆盖的区域.
结论:
- 城镇化对城市哺乳动物的生物多样性产生了重大影响,影响了物种丰富性和社区组成.
- 该研究提供证据表明,城市野生动物受到社会经济变化的影响,将生态后果扩展到非人类动物身上.
- 调查结果表明, gentrification 可能会加剧城市自然接触的差异,边缘化的人口面临着更大的野生动物无法接触.
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