Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions01:17

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions

3.3K
A phase I reaction is a biochemical process that introduces a functionally reactive polar group to a substance. This transformation predominantly occurs in the liver, facilitated by the cytochrome P450 system of hemoproteins situated in the lipophilic endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The metabolite generated through this process can have varying polarities. If it is sufficiently polar, it can be easily excreted in the urine due to its water compatibility. However, if the metabolite is nonpolar,...
3.3K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

2.4K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
2.4K
Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions01:19

Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions

59
Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
59
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

3.8K
Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
3.8K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

7.4K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
7.4K
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems01:19

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems

193
Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
193

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Biosynthesis of the l-Pyridylalanine Moiety in Antimycobacterial Pyridomycin via a PKS-NRPS Hybrid System.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Interfacial Electric Fields Transform Brown Carbon Formation: Accelerate Radical Coupling toward Strong Light-Absorbing Products.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Integrated multi-omics demonstrates DNA demethylation-driven activation of the RgMYB2-RgG10H4 axis enhancing iridoid glycoside biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa.

Phytochemistry·2025
Same author

Substantially improved efficiency and selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction by superior hydrated electron in microdroplet.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Elevated mitochondrial DNA copy number in euthyroid individuals with impaired peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025
Same author

Research Progress and Prospects of Prussian Blue Analogs and Their Derivatives in Small-Molecule Oxidative Coupled Hydrogen Production.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2025

相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures
10:44

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

9.8K

细胞染色体P450采矿用于布法迪埃诺利德多样化

Xiaolai Lei1, Xiaozheng Wang1, Weiliang Xiong1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.

ACS chemical biology
|April 16, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员确定了细胞染色体P450酶,可以产生具有抗瘤活性的新型布法迪化物. 这些酶使有价值的类固醇化合物的高效,特定于地点的合成成为可能.

更多相关视频

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

13.8K
Screening Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds for Inhibiting UCHL3 Activity Based on Molecular Docking and Deubiquitinating Enzyme Probe Technology
10:25

Screening Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds for Inhibiting UCHL3 Activity Based on Molecular Docking and Deubiquitinating Enzyme Probe Technology

Published on: November 22, 2024

261

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures
10:44

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

9.8K
Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

13.8K
Screening Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds for Inhibiting UCHL3 Activity Based on Molecular Docking and Deubiquitinating Enzyme Probe Technology
10:25

Screening Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds for Inhibiting UCHL3 Activity Based on Molecular Docking and Deubiquitinating Enzyme Probe Technology

Published on: November 22, 2024

261

科学领域:

  • 生物化学和分子生物学
  • 自然产品的合成自然产品的合成
  • 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.

背景情况:

  • 布法类固醇是具有显著心和抗瘤特性的类固醇,在传统中医中使用.
  • 由于从中提取的成本昂贵,以及化学合成的困难,bufadienolides的获取能力有限.
  • 需要有效的方法来生产具有特定修改的多种类型的bufadienolides.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定参与青中bufadienolide生物合成的酶.
  • 开发一种生产新型和改性布法醇的方法.
  • 为了评估新合成的bufadienolides的抗瘤潜力.

主要方法:

  • 转录组和基因组分析以确定候选细胞P450 (CYP) 酶.
  • 酵母活性以酵母为基础的选平台.
  • 生产,结构识别和生物评估的bufadienolides.

主要成果:

  • 八个CYP酶和一个真菌CYP (Sth10) 被确定为催化布法迪埃诺化.
  • 产生了15种布法烯化物,包括6种新型化合物.
  • 由CYP46A35产生的19-基布法林和1β-基布法林显示出强大的瘤细胞增殖抑制.
  • CYP46A35 证明了增强的催化效率和扩大基质范围到孕激素和.

结论:

  • 在的布法迪埃诺化合成中阐明关键的酶修饰.
  • 开发一个有效的平台,用于网站特定的合成有价值的bufadienolides.
  • 有潜力生产具有增强治疗作用的新型类固醇药物.