在美国的经济周期中,自雇者:一个分解
1Department of Economics, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0030 USA.
概括
在经济衰退期间,由于失业率较高,更多的人进入自雇. 这种增长,特别是非法人企业的增长,可能不会显著地促进创新,从而影响了对新企业创建的政策预期.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 创业研究 创业研究
- 劳动力市场动态 劳动力市场动态
背景情况:
- 经济衰退往往与增加的自雇者进入有关.
- 失业率在很大程度上影响了个人因需要而成为自雇者的倾向.
研究的目的:
- 分析商业周期波动与进入自雇率之间的关系.
- 在经济衰退期间,区分需要驱动的 (非合并) 和机会驱动的 (合并) 自雇.
- 为决策者提供有关商业周期中自雇趋势的见解.
主要方法:
- 经济学分解技术应用于每月的美国当前人口调查数据.
- 分析大衰退之前,期间和之后的数据.
- 区分进入非法人和法人自营业的入门率.
主要成果:
- 在经济衰退期间,进入自雇者的比例增加,主要是由于失业率上升.
- 失业的个人更倾向于基于需要的自雇.
- 在经济大衰退期间,非法人自营业务的显著增长被观察到,与法人自营业务不同.
结论:
- 自营业的周期性与失业率和必要性与机会创业之间的区别密切相关.
- 政策制定者应该对在经济衰退期间成立的企业的创新设置现实的期望.
- 调查结果对了解失业动态和为政策应对经济衰退,包括COVID-19衰退等近期事件提供了启示.
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