在COVID-19流行病期间,美国的空气质量和人类流动性的变化
Cristina L Archer1, Guido Cervone2, Maryam Golbazi1
1College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA.
概括
由于COVID-19的封锁,美国各地的二氧化 (NO2) 空气污染显著降低,地面站点显示1.3ppb下降. 然而,细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 水平基本上没有受到影响,这表明单独限制驾驶并不能减少PM2.5.5.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 空气质量是一个关键的环境和公共卫生问题.
- 随着COVID-19大流行和相关的公共卫生干预措施,人类活动发生了前所未有的变化.
- 了解这些变化对空气质量的影响对于政策制定和未来的环境管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,量化二氧化 (NO2) 和细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 在美国空气质量的变化.
- 调查这些空气质量变化的空间变化.
- 解释NO2和PM2.5对与流行病相关的限制的不同反应.
主要方法:
- 从2020年4月起地面NO2和PM2.5度与5年基线 (2015-2019) 的比较.
- 分析卫星衍生的NO2柱总量 (NASA OMI).
- 使用从手机数据中得出的移动性指数进行相关性分析,以评估人类运动变化的影响.
主要成果:
- 在超过65%的地面监测地点观察到NO2度的显著下降 (平均下降2ppb).
- 卫星数据证实,2020年全国NO2平均下降了13%.
- 与基线相比,PM2.5度没有显著下降,并且在2020年4月更有可能增加.
- 经趋势调整后,NO2下降了1.3ppb,而PM2.5略有增加了0.28微克/米3.
结论:
- 由于COVID-19的社会距离措施导致了NO2污染的大幅减少,这与人类流动性减少有很强的相关性.
- PM2.5水平基本上没有受到影响,这表明仅仅减少乘用车流量不足以减轻PM2.5污染.
- 不同的NO2和PM2.5反应突出了影响城市空气质量的复杂来源和大气过程.
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