封锁,就业调整和金融摩擦
1Center for Excellence in Finance and Economic Research and Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Bank of Lithuania and Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
概括
早期的COVID-19封锁影响了就业. 那些已经存在税务负债的公司,特别是制造业,房地产和服务业的小型企业,减少了更多的就业. 解决流动性问题对于企业的生存至关重要.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 工商管理 工商管理
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 严格的,政府实施的封锁的经济影响,比如2020年3月的封锁,由于它们的新性,人们对它们的理解仍然不足.
- 企业对不利冲击的适应已得到充分记录,但它们对新型封锁措施的具体反应需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 检查2020年3月首次实施严格的COVID-19封锁后,公司如何调整就业.
- 确定影响跨企业规模和行业差异性就业调整的因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了每月的行政数据,增值税支付变化作为需求冲击的代理.
- 将这些数据与COVID-19测试统计数据合并,按经济活动分类.
- 用固定效应的仪器变量回归来分析数据.
主要成果:
- 所有规模的制造业企业在封锁前的税务负债更大程度上减少了就业.
- 房地产和服务行业的小型企业的裁员速度更快.
- 总体而言,就业的变化很小,但发现了部门和先决条件的脆弱性.
结论:
- 早期证据表明,需要解决制造商,资本密集型和服务公司,特别是小企业的流动性要求,以防止失业.
- 与流动性一起,坚定的先决条件是缓解经济衰退期间减少就业的关键因素.
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