相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 28, 2025
07:47
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
Published on: January 9, 2016
15.4K
时间折扣与跨诊断症状维度的关联
Kristof Keidel1,2, Xiaping Lu2, Shinsuke Suzuki2,3,4
1Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Npj mental health research
|April 16, 2024
概括
时间折扣 (TD),即低未来奖励价值的倾向,与焦虑-抑郁症和注意力缺失-冲动性-过度活动症状有关. 使用日期而不是延迟单位来框架未来的奖励,以及较大的金额减少了TD,特别是在那些有注意力缺失症状的人中.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 时间折扣 (TD),基于延迟的未来奖励的值,在心理健康障碍中经常受到损害.
- 了解TD与特定症状模式的联系,可以揭示决策缺陷并指导干预.
研究的目的:
- 在一般人群中调查TD与各种症状模式之间的关系.
- 检查时间框架 (日期与延迟单位) 和奖励大小 (大与小) 如何影响TD,特别是在具有特定症状特征的个体中.
主要方法:
- 一个普通人口样本 (N=731) 完成了TD和症状模式的评估.
- 参与者评估了提供不同的时间框架 (日期/延迟单位) 和货币大小的假设奖励.
- 统计分析探讨了TD,症状维度和框架效应之间的关联.
主要成果:
- TD与与焦虑-抑郁症和注意力不集中-冲动性-过度活动相关的症状模式有显著的关联.
- 当使用日期与延迟单位相比,并使用更大的货币大小来框架奖励时,TD就减少了.
- 这些对TD的框架效应在注意力缺失-冲动性-过度活跃度维度得分较高的个体中更为明显.
结论:
- 时间折扣似乎是一个跨诊断因素,在精神健康状况中连接情感和冲动性相关的维度.
- 研究结果表明,时间框架和奖励大小可以调节TD,对干预措施有潜在的影响.
- 未来的研究应该探索为表现出冲动性的临床人群制定干预措施.
相关概念视频
01:30Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
48
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
48
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
57
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
57
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
01:27Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
55
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
55
01:26Modeling in Therapy
72
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
72
01:25Beck's Cognitive Therapy
47
Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
47