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人类类中面骨模型的一个共同模式表明,人类面部形态发生的深层进化根源
Alexandra Schuh1,2, Yann Heuzé1, Philipp Gunz2
1CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac 33615, France.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|April 17, 2024
概括
人类面部进化涉及到大骨模型的变化. 大猿有相似的模式,但人类表现出明显的骨吸收,特别是在部周围,影响了面部结构.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 人类类的中面形态存在显著的差异,区分了猿类和人类.
- 推动这些形态差异的发育机制,特别是在上发育方面,仍然在很大程度上未被探索.
- 了解骨建模 (BM) 过程对于破译面部演变至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在不同类人猿物种中研究大骨模型 (BM) 的细胞机制.
- 确定BM过程中的变化如何可能有助于面部形态的演变.
- 为了比较大猿和人类之间的BM模式,专注于发育轨迹.
主要方法:
- 对吉本,猩猩,大猩猩,黑猩猩和人类 (n=183) 的横截面发育序列的分析.
- 根据牙发育,将个人分为五个年龄类别.
- 将BM模式的显微数据映射到每个物种和年龄组的几何形态平均形状上.
- 量化和骨再吸收量的跨种类比较.
主要成果:
- 大猿表现出在很大程度上保存的BM模式,而吉本则显示出独特的再吸收模式,表明人类类动物中的分歧.
- 人类在很大程度上保留了大猿的BM模式,但从出生开始就在狗区域显示出显著更高的骨再吸收.
- 人类在童年时表现出高度的骨质吸收,这是其他研究的猿类动物中没有观察到的特征.
结论:
- 这项研究确定了与雄骨模型相关的细胞活动中的明显转变,这与原始人血统有关.
- 在人类中,由早期和高骨质吸收驱动的狗减少,似乎是人类面部进化的关键因素.
- 在人类中,儿童时期骨质再吸收的提升代表了一个独特的发育特征,使它们与其他类人猿区别开来.
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