一个没有追随者的领导者:保守党的欧洲怀疑主义在一个比较的视角
Argyrios Altiparmakis1, Anna Kyriazi2
1European University Institute, Fiesole, Italy.
概括
主流的欧洲怀疑主义在欧洲政治中很少见,英国保守党是例外. 虽然大多数中右翼政党支持欧盟 (EU) 整合,但一些像奥地利这样的政党支持欧盟整合.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 欧洲研究是欧洲研究.
背景情况:
- 英国保守党内主流的欧洲怀疑主义是一个值得注意的现象.
- 该研究调查了欧洲怀疑主义的类似模式是否存在于其他欧盟 (欧盟) 中心右翼政党中.
- 过去的研究往往侧重于极端右翼政党的欧洲怀疑主义,忽视了主流的保守立场.
研究的目的:
- 分析欧盟 (欧盟) 长期演变问题在中右翼政党宣言中的突出地位和立场.
- 确定英国脱欧和随后的欧盟危机对这些党派的欧盟立场的影响.
- 为了测试"保守党例外主义"论点,关于主流保守党的欧洲怀疑主义.
主要方法:
- 内容分析来自欧盟各地多元化的中右翼政党群体的宣言.
- 纵向研究追踪了几十年来党派对欧盟立场的变化.
- 聚焦英国保守党与其他欧洲中右翼政党的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 与其他主流中右翼政党相比,英国保守党对欧盟展现出异常和持续的负面话语.
- 在过去的30年里,大多数其他中右翼政党都保持了对欧盟一体化的支持立场.
- 一些政党,包括奥地利的ÖVP,匈牙利的Fidesz,波兰的PiS和荷兰的VVD,显示出欧盟态度的负面转变,反映了2000年代英国保守党的态度.
结论:
- "保守党的例外主义"论点得到了广泛的支持;英国保守党在他们的长期和强烈的主流欧洲怀疑主义中是独一无二的.
- 反对派的地位或来自极端右翼挑战者的压力并不会自动导致主流政党变得更加欧洲怀疑.
- 内部党派动态,特别是欧洲怀疑派别的兴起,是政治右翼主流欧洲怀疑主义最重要的直接原因.
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