美国全境的马类强基卵数数据显示季节性和区域性趋势
Martin K Nielsen1, Paul Slusarewicz2, Tetiana A Kuzmina3,4
1M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Parasitology
|April 17, 2024
概括
自动便蛋计数揭示了美国马类强类寄生虫负载的季节性和区域性模式. 兽医在全国范围内使用一致的两相采样策略监测这些寄生虫水平.
科学领域:
- 兽医寄生虫学 兽医寄生虫学
- 马的健康 马的健康
- 寄生虫流行病学 寄生虫流行病学
背景情况:
- 马类强基类寄生虫广泛存在,是控制计划的重点.
- 自动化便蛋计数系统可实现大规模数据收集和分析.
- 了解寄生虫卵数的时间和空间趋势对于有效管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估来自美国三年来自动化系统的马类强类便卵数 (FEC) 数据.
- 为了确定FEC数量和采样活动的季节性和区域性趋势.
- 为了分析卵数的分布,并识别高产卵马.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自美国五个地区 (东北,东南,中北部,中南部,西部) 的58,329个FEC.
- 将FEC分为四个类别:0 EPG,1200 EPG,201500 EPG和>500 EPG.
- 统计建模 (固定和混合效应) 以评估影响FEC和采样模式的季节性,区域性和时间因素.
主要成果:
- 18.1%的马匹占FEC总产量的80%,区域差异很大 (西部约12%).
- 在采样频率和FEC类别中观察到显著的季节性趋势和区域差异.
- 兽医在监测类FEC时表现出一致的双相模式,无论地理位置如何.
结论:
- 自动化的FEC系统为了解马类寄生虫流行病学提供了宝贵的数据.
- 季节性和区域性因素显著影响类FEC和马的采样实践.
- 兽医的一致的两阶段监测策略表明,管理马类强菌感染的标准化方法.
相关概念视频
00:53Migration
Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
01:17Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers
A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
01:09Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
02:07Conservation of Declining Populations
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
01:29Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...