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在接种疫苗的背景下,H7N9高致病性禽流感病毒的演变

Yujie Hou^1,2, Guohua Deng¹, Pengfei Cui¹

¹State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People's Republic of China.

Emerging microbes & infections

|April 17, 2024

概括

禽疫苗接种消除了人类H7N9感染,但没有消除病毒. 研究表明,疫苗接种减缓了H7N9禽流感病毒的进化速度,失去了人类受体结合能力.

科学领域:

兽医病毒学兽医病毒学
禽流感研究研究禽流感研究
疫苗疗效研究疫苗疗效研究

背景情况:

在中国,通过禽类疫苗接种消除了H7N9流感病毒对人类的感染.
在家禽群体中,H7N9流感病毒仍然存在,需要持续监测.
接种疫苗的家禽的低于最佳免疫力为研究病毒演变提供了一个独特的模型.

研究的目的:

在接种疫苗的家禽中分析H7N9流感病毒的演变和特征.
评估疫苗接种对病毒遗传和抗原性质的影响.
为了确定流通的H7N9菌株的受体结合能力.

主要方法:

从家禽样本中分离并对16种H7N9病毒进行遗传分析 (2020年1月至2023年6月).
抗原分析比较孤立病毒与H7-Re4疫苗菌株.
动物研究 (小鼠和) 以评估病毒病原性和毒性.

主要成果:

所有16种H7N9病毒都属于以前识别的基因型.
12种病毒与H7-Re4疫苗具有抗原相似性;4种病毒反应性降低.
所有病毒在小鼠中都是非致命的;一些病毒在中显示出病毒性降低.
检测到的H7N9病毒仅与鸟类受体结合,失去人类受体结合能力.

结论:

用H7-Re4疫苗对家禽进行疫苗接种,通过限制病毒重组,有效地减缓H7N9的进化.
疫苗接种消除了H7N9病毒与人类类型受体结合的能力,降低了动物感染潜力.
在接种疫苗的家禽中对H7N9的持续监测对于监测病毒演变和疫苗有效性至关重要.

关键词:

禽流感病毒;H7N9;进化;受体结合特性;致病性;抗原性.

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