自动化和重新分配:COVID-19会在工作的未来带来什么?
1Department of Economics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.
概括
经济衰退推动了自动化和资源重新分配,提高了加拿大的生产力和生活水平,类似于美国. 预计在COVID-19危机期间,这种趋势将加速,特别是在关键行业.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 技术变革 技术变革
背景情况:
- 美国的经济衰退与自动化和资源重新分配的增加有关,这导致了更高的生产率和生活水平.
- 有证据表明,加拿大也有类似的情况,特别是自信息和通信技术革命以来,常规就业位的下降,这与经济衰退相吻合.
研究的目的:
- 检查经济衰退在促进加拿大的自动化和劳动力市场重组方面的作用.
- 评估COVID-19危机对加拿大的自动化和行业转型可能产生的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析加拿大的历史就业数据,重点关注经济衰退时期的日常就业下降.
- 为工人暴露于COVID-19和常规就业比例构建行业层面的措施.
主要成果:
- 自从ICT革命以来,加拿大常规就业位的下降仅发生在经济衰退时期.
- 零售,建筑,制造,批发和运输等行业被确定为最容易受到COVID-19和自动化激励措施导致的重大转型.
结论:
- 经济衰退是加拿大的自动化和劳动力重新分配的催化剂,最终提高了生产力.
- 政府政策应该促进,而不是抵制,由COVID-19危机驱动的不可避免的重组,专注于支持受影响的工人.
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