线粒体的活性氧物种对人类纤维细胞对长时间gamma射线暴露的反应产生影响
Luke A Whitcomb1, Xu Cao2, Dilip Thomas2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA.
International journal of radiation biology
|April 17, 2024
概括
线粒体反应性氧物种 (mtROS) 导致低剂量辐射暴露的细胞损伤. 用抗氧化剂准mtROS可能会在太空任务期间提供对辐射伤害的保护.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 辐射生物学 辐射生物学
- 线粒体医学 线粒体医学
背景情况:
- 低剂量速率的电离辐射 (IR) 对宇航员构成健康风险.
- 线粒体是辐射损伤的关键目标,产生线粒体反应性氧物种 (mtROS).
- 了解mtROS的作用对于开发针对辐射损伤的对策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查mtROS在长期低剂量率IR的细胞反应中的作用.
- 为了确定线粒体特异性抗氧化剂 (mitoTEMPO) 对红外线诱导的细胞变化的影响.
主要方法:
- 人体纤维细胞 (HCA2-hTERT) 暴露于连续的马射线IR (1.1 Gy超过5天) 有或没有mitoTEMPO.
- 分析了线粒体功能 (氧气消耗,H2O2释放),基因表达和蛋白质分泌物.
主要成果:
- 红外线增加了线粒体的氧气消耗和H2O2释放,同时改变了关键线粒体蛋白和转录的表达.
- 红外线激活了DNA修复,氧化应激和无处不在的途径,这些途径被mitoTEMPO减弱.
- 红外线调节了细胞外基因蛋白和细胞因子的分泌,而米托波治疗有复杂的影响.
结论:
- 线粒体ROS的产生与纤维细胞对长期IR的反应有关.
- 针对线粒体的抗氧化剂显示出减轻辐射诱导的组织损伤的潜力.
相关概念视频
01:45Mitochondrial Membranes
10.1K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
10.1K
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
13.1K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
13.1K