在学龄前儿童中,自主功能与焦虑和不社交有明显的关联吗?
Maria C Lent1, Kristin J Perry2, Gretchen R Perhamus3
1Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
概括
通过皮肤导电水平 (SCL) 和呼吸道鼻失常 (RSA) 测量的自主神经系统活动预测了儿童社会行为的变化. 对社会刺激的生理反应与以后的不社交和焦虑恐惧有关.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 心理生理学 心理生理学
背景情况:
- 同龄人之间的互动对儿童的发展至关重要,而社会退缩可能会产生负面后果.
- 社会退缩可能源于各种动机,可能与不同的生物过程有关.
- 自主神经系统 (ANS) 活动,包括皮肤导电水平 (SCL) 和呼吸道鼻失常 (RSA),为社会情绪功能提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 调查ANS活动 (SCL和RSA) 在预测学龄前儿童一年内不社交和焦虑恐惧的变化中的作用.
- 探索ANS活动与社会退休行为之间的关系中的性别差异.
- 区分与不同形式的社会退缩相关的生理模式.
主要方法:
- 一个社区样本92美国学龄前儿童 (平均年龄~45个月) 参与.
- 生理学数据 (SCL和RSA) 在基线和暴露于中性,社会排斥和攻击后视频期间收集.
- 一年后,评估了不社交和焦虑恐惧的变化.
主要成果:
- 对于所有儿童来说,在攻击后的视频中抑制SCL和RSA (共抑制) 和在社会排斥视频中削弱SCL预测了焦虑恐惧的增加.
- 在男孩中,基线交感激活 (SCL激活和RSA抑制) 预测了以后的非社交性.
- 在女孩中,在攻击后的视频中抑制RSA预测了以后的不社交性.
结论:
- ANS反应模式前性地预测了学龄前儿童的社会调整.
- 特定的生理反应与焦虑-恐惧和不社交性有关.
- 研究结果表明,不同类型的社会退缩背后可能存在性别特异的自主途径.
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