海洋浮游生物对中生代环境变化的生物地理反应
Anshuman Swain1,2,3,4, Adam Woodhouse5,6, William F Fagan7
1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. anshumanswain@fas.harvard.edu.
Nature
|April 17, 2024
概括
浮游生物中的功能性群体在整个新生代表现出多样化的专业化和丰富性变化. 他们对气候事件的全球生物地理反应是脱的,这取决于背景气候状态.
科学领域:
- 古生物学
- 海洋生物学
- 气候科学
背景情况:
- 种类和属在进化上是短暂的,限制了它们对长期生物多样性动态的有用性.
- 通过一致的特征定义的功能组为生物多样性提供了更稳定的视角.
- 中生时代经历了重大的气候变化,影响了海洋生态系统.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用Triton数据集分析中生时期的巨孔浮游生物的发生情况.
- 在度公平性,功能多样性,古度专业化和社区公平性方面的变化.
- 了解功能性社区对中生纪气候事件的时空反应.
主要方法:
- 对Triton数据集的分析,该数据集是中生代巨型孔状浮游生物的全球汇编.
- 研究不同地质时期的功能群专业化和丰富性的变化.
- 这些变化的相关性与主要的纪气候事件和环境变化.
主要成果:
- 全球形态社区在白纪-古纪灭绝前变得不那么专业.
- 生态专业化发生在早期欧气候最佳时期,可能是由于赤道温度.
- 随着生态变化的增加和形态多样性的丧失,在整个欧世 - 奥利古世过渡期间出现了循环变化.
- 大约1900万年前的形态专业化和丰富性变化与鱼的灭绝相吻合.
- 功能性群体的丰富性和专业化表明,在米欧纪中期的浮游生物多样化过程中,半球之间出现了延迟.
结论:
- 热带生态的宏观进化揭示了气候事件期间功能性社区和丰富性的全球生物地理反应.
- 功能组对非生物压力的反应取决于它们对背景气候状态 (温室或冰室) 的适应.
- 功能组为了解应对气候变化的生物多样性的长期动态提供了有价值的框架.
相关概念视频
01:50Global Climate Change
24.3K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.3K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
36.4K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
36.4K
01:06Primary Production
23.6K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
23.6K
02:56The Fossil Record
25.1K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.1K
02:22The Colonization of Land
34.3K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
34.3K
00:54What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
31.6K
The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
31.6K