强度合系统的热力学和随机热力学
Xiangjun Xing1,2,3, Mingnan Ding1
1Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Physical review. E
|April 18, 2024
概括
本研究将强合热力学扩展到连续系统,定义系统,建立平衡和不平衡理论. 它仅使用系统变量制定了随机热力学,证明了粗粒度水平之间的等价性.
科学领域:
- 热力学和统计力学
- 物理化学 物理化学
- 非线性动力学是一种非线性动力学.
背景情况:
- 之前的工作为连续系统建立了强合理论.
- 一个小系统与其环境有强烈的相互作用,系统动态比浴室动态慢.
- 经典热力学通常假定弱合,限制其适用于强烈相互作用的系统.
研究的目的:
- 为连续系统进一步发展和扩展热力学和随机热力学的强合理论.
- 为一个与其环境强烈相互作用的小型系统建立平衡和不平衡的热力学理论.
- 仅在系统变量方面制定一个随机热力学理论,并证明它在不同粗粒度水平上的等价性.
主要方法:
- 定义系统哈密尔顿式为平均力和系统的哈密尔顿式作为吉布斯-香农.
- 在系统,浴室和温度参数的变化下,为系统开发了平衡组合和热力学理论.
- 将热力学理论扩展到不平衡水平,建立了第一和第二定律和波动定理.
主要成果:
- 建立了对强度合连续系统的平衡组合和热力学理论.
- 制定了不平衡热力学,包括第一和第二定律和波动定理,适用于温度变化的过程.
- 开发了一种仅使用系统变量的随机热力学理论,证明了不同粗粒度水平之间的等价性以及与弱合理论的最大相似性.
结论:
- 开发的强合理论为理解连续系统中的热力学和随机热力学提供了强大的框架.
- 该理论成功地扩展到不平衡过程,并为热力学定律和波动定理提供了统一的方法.
- 用系统变量来表述简化了分析,并突出了不同理论描述的等价性.
相关概念视频
Thermodynamic Systems
5.1K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
5.1K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.8K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
2.8K
Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
4.0K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
4.0K
Second Law of Thermodynamics
23.8K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
23.8K
Path Between Thermodynamics States
3.1K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
3.1K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.3K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
5.3K


