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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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碳纳米滴:它们在复杂溶液系统中的形成和稳定性

Yuwen Ji1,2, Jin Zheng1,2, Zhanli Geng3,4

  • 1Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

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概括

研究人员探索了 perfluorohexane纳米滴 (NDs) 在电解质中的稳定性. 电解质离子度和价值极其控制ND的形成和稳定性,使生物技术和医学的定制应用成为可能.

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术和纳米技术
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (NDs) 具有多种应用,但它们在生物环境中的稳定性至关重要,但尚未得到充分探索.
  • 目前制造低能量的稳定,均的ND的方法有限,阻碍其在生理条件下使用.
  • 表面稳定剂的潜在毒性限制了在先进医疗干预中使用ND的应用.

研究的目的:

  • 研究未涂层 perfluorohexane (PFH) NDs的形成和稳定性.
  • 探索电解质组成和pH对ND特性的影响.
  • 开发一种方法来创建稳定的ND,适用于没有表面稳定剂的生理环境.

主要方法:

  • 通过低能溶剂交换技术合成未涂层的甲 (PFH) 纳米滴 (ND).
  • 研究了各种电解质组成和pH值的ND形成和稳定性.
  • 提出了一种基于电解质诱导的表面修饰的稳定机制.

主要成果:

  • 低价值电解质离子的低度促进了ND核和加速奥斯瓦尔德成熟.
  • 高度的高价值电解质离子抑制了核形成,并减缓了奥斯瓦尔德的成熟.
  • 电解质通过改变离子吸附,电双层厚度和液滴间能量屏障来影响ND稳定性.

结论:

  • 电解质组成精确地控制了高碳纳米滴的稳定性.
  • 建立了一种在生理条件下制备稳定,裸体PFCND的方法.
  • 这些发现为在生物和医疗应用中使用赤裸的PFC NDs提供了理论基础.