对于全球分布式监测网络而言,环境颗粒物质的基本表征:方法和影响
Xuan Liu1, Jay R Turner1, Christopher R Oxford1
1Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
概括
全球颗粒物 (PM) 分析显示,孟加拉国达卡的尘埃和微量元素含量很高,在亚洲几个城市,空气中含有显著的致癌风险. 这突显了城市空气质量的关键问题.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 环境颗粒物 (PM) 的全球地面水平测量对于了解尘埃和微量元素分布至关重要.
- 评估健康影响和确定排放源需要全面的颗粒物的元素组成数据.
- 表面颗粒物物质网络 (SPARTAN) 收集全球分布的PM样本进行分析.
研究的目的:
- 来自全球分布的27个SPARTAN站点的PM样本的元素组成.
- 从基本数据集中确定尘埃和微量元素氧化物 (TEO) 的度.
- 评估潜在的健康风险,例如空气中的致癌风险.
主要方法:
- 使用X射线光光谱分析了PM样本的元素组成.
- 从2019年到2023年,在全球分布的27个地点使用一致的协议收集样本.
- 实施了严格的质量保证措施,包括参考材料和质量控制.
主要成果:
- 在孟加拉国达卡观察到中等高的平均尘埃 (6μg/m3) 和微量元素氧化物 (TEO) 水平 (6μg/m3).
- 在达卡 (孟加拉国),坎普尔 (印度) 和河内 (越南) 确定了空气中的高致癌风险.
- 达卡的微量元素度升高可能与非正式的酸电池和电子废物回收以及燃煤炉有关.
结论:
- 使用SPARTAN数据进行的全球PM分析为区域空气质量提供了关键的见解.
- 像达卡这样的特定城市地区表现出严重的污染负担,需要有针对性的干预.
- 空气中的在几个人口密集的亚洲城市中心构成了相当大的致癌风险.
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