COVID-19:关于流行病学,预防和治疗的最新情况,9月-2023年
1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology
|April 18, 2024
概括
COVID-19的发病率再次上升,仍然比流感更致命. 目前的建议有利于XBB.1.5单价疫苗用于初级和复发注射,特别是在高风险人群中.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 在长期下降后,COVID-19发病率最近呈现上升趋势.
- 尽管与早期的流行病年相比,COVID-19的发病频率有所下降,但它继续导致大量死亡,并且仍然是流行病,而不是流行病.
- 目前占主导地位的Omicron菌株包括EG.5和XBB.1.16,免疫逃避型变种BA.2.86和FLip需要监测.
研究的目的:
- 总结COVID-19流行病学,预防策略和治疗选择的现状.
- 提供有关推的COVID-19疫苗接种和治疗干预措施的最新指导.
- 为了突出新出现的SARS-CoV-2变种带来的持续威胁.
主要方法:
- 审查有关COVID-19发病率和死亡率的当前流行病学数据.
- 分析推的COVID-19预防措施,包括疫苗接种和非药物干预措施.
- 评估可用和新兴的治疗药物用于COVID-19治疗.
主要成果:
- 针对XBB.1.5 Omicron SARS-CoV-2的单价COVID-19疫苗现在推用于初级和强剂疫苗接种;较旧的单价和双价疫苗不再建议使用.
- 对高风险人群进行XBB.1.5强剂疫苗接种的优先考虑至关重要.
- 早期高风险门诊患者的有效治疗包括涅马特雷尔维尔/里托纳维尔,雷德西维尔,莫尔努皮拉维尔和索特罗维马布 (在特定情况下). 住院患者可能受益于德克萨米他,抗细胞因子和抗血栓剂.
结论:
- 更新的疫苗接种策略强调XBB.1.5单价疫苗,以最佳保护当前的SARS-CoV-2菌株.
- 对免疫规避型变种的持续警和遵守预防措施至关重要.
- 有一系列治疗选择可用于管理COVID-19,根据疾病严重程度和患者的风险因素量身定制.
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