对基本心理需求的人际支持及其与动机,幸福感和绩效的关系:一个元分析
Gavin R Slemp1, James G Field2, Richard M Ryan3
1Centre for Wellbeing Science, Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne.
通过人际交互来支持自主,能力和相关性,增强了基本的心理需求,促进了福祉和表现. 这一元分析证实了培养这些需求以实现最佳人类功能所带来的广泛益处.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 动机科学 动机科学
背景情况:
- 自决理论认为,对自主,能力和关系的人际支持对幸福和表现至关重要.
- 了解这些理论主张的经验支持,需要对现有研究进行全面的综合.
研究的目的:
- 以元分析的方式检查人际关系之间的关系,支持自主性,能力和相关性及其结果.
- 调查这些支在基本心理需求满足,丧,主观福祉和表现中的作用.
- 探索这些关系的潜在调节者,如文化,年龄和测量滞后.
主要方法:
- 从881个独立样本 (N = 443,556) 中进行了4,561个效果大小的元分析.
- 使用统计技术来综合发现,并测试调节假设.
主要成果:
- 支持自主,能力和相关性的支持与需求满足有很强的关联,与需求丧有负面关联.
- 这些支持显示了与主观幸福感和表现的积极关联.
- 文化个人主义调节了自主支持和动机之间的联系,而相关性支持效应则有所不同.
- 能力和相关性支持解释了自主支持之外的需求满足的独特差异.
结论:
- 对所有三个基本心理需求 (自主,能力,亲属关系) 的人际支持对于最佳的动机,福祉和表现至关重要.
- 建议采用综合方法,考虑各种支持行为和来源,以最大限度地提高收益.
- 研究结果强调了在各种环境中培养自主性,能力和相关性的重要性,以增强心理功能.
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