稳定 (Stomoxys calcitrans) 的防虫具有发展特异性的调节,并且以不同的速度进化
Danial Asgari1, Dana Nayduch2, Richard P Meisel1
1Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Integrative and comparative biology
|April 18, 2024
概括
稳定的中的抗微生物 (AMP) 显示出基于发育阶段的独特进化路径和表达模式. 适应微生物丰富环境的幼虫防御蛋白与成人防御蛋白有很大不同,揭示了对免疫调节和微生物暴露的洞察力.
科学领域:
- 昆虫免疫学 昆虫免疫学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 分子遗传学 分子遗传学
背景情况:
- 生物利用抗微生物 (AMP) 构成性或诱导性来防御微生物威胁.
- AMP表达受到组织类型和发育阶段的严格调节,影响它们的进化轨迹.
- 稳定的幼虫居住在微生物丰富的环境中,而成年人由于血液养饮食而减少了微生物暴露.
研究的目的:
- 在稳定的 (Stomoxys calcitrans) 中调查古代昆虫AMP的一类Defensins的进化和发育特异性表达.
- 了解不同发育阶段不同微生物暴露如何影响AMP的演变和调节.
主要方法:
- 分析现有的RNA-seq数据集,以根据幼虫和非幼虫表达来识别和分类Defensins.
- 检查Defensin基因位置,序列演变和调控元素,包括转录因子结合部位.
- 对幼虫和非幼虫Defensins之间的氨基酸替代和保存动机的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了6种幼虫特异性Defensins和5种非幼虫特异性Defensins (在成年人中表达).
- 在成年人中,一半的幼虫防御蛋白被诱导,其中三种通过Imd通路与NF-κB信号传递有关.
- 幼虫和非幼虫的Defensins占据了不同的基因组区域,幼虫的Defensins形成了一个单体群,并表现出独特的替代模式.
结论:
- 稳定的中的防御酶进化受到发育阶段特定的免疫挑战和微生物暴露的影响.
- 不同的调控机制和选择压力对幼虫和非幼虫的防御作用.
- 这项研究提供了关于AMP在对生物体生命周期中环境变化的反应中适应性演变的见解.
相关概念视频
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
01:46Types of Selection
40.4K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
40.4K
01:07Speciation Rates
21.2K
Overview
21.2K
01:38Limits to Natural Selection
31.3K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
31.3K