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相关概念视频

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Health Literacy01:21

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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
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Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

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Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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相关实验视频

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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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回应家长对孩子阅读的担忧.

Katelyn J Bryant1,2, Marc F Joanisse3, Lisa M D Archibald2

  • 1Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Paediatrics & child health
|April 19, 2024
PubMed
概括

父母对阅读的关注通常是准确的,用于识别儿童的文字阅读困难. 然而,一些阅读困难的孩子可能会被这种查方法遗漏.

科学领域:

  • 儿童发展 儿童发展
  • 教育心理学教育心理学
  • 儿科的实践 儿科实践

背景情况:

  • 父母对学术发展的看法对于早期干预至关重要.
  • 准确识别学龄儿童阅读困难对于学业成功至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 评估家长在识别儿童文字阅读困难方面的担忧的准确性.
  • 探索影响家长关注和实际阅读状态之间的差异因素.
  • 为儿科医生提供基于证据的建议,以解决家长对阅读的担忧.

主要方法:

  • 一项涉及家长和加拿大安大略省34所学校2年级儿童的横截面研究.
  • 关于学术发展的家长问卷和标准化标准参考测试,用于文字阅读和口头句子回忆.
  • 诊断准确度指标 (灵敏度,特异性,PPV,NPV) 被计算出来,以比较家长的担忧与客观阅读困难状态.

主要成果:

  • 在将家长的担忧与阅读困难状态相匹配时,整体准确率为81%.
  • 具体性很高 (85%),表明错误阳性很少 (不关心阅读困难的父母).
  • 敏感度中度 (59%),这意味着一些阅读困难的孩子没有被关心的父母识别出来;与阅读技能和英语学习者身份相关的不准确性.
关键词:
发育性阅读障碍症是一种发展性阅读障碍.育儿 育儿 育儿 育儿 育儿阅读 阅读 阅读 阅读查检查 查检查 查检查

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结论:

  • 父母的担忧作为一个一般可靠的初始选词阅读困难.
  • 虽然有效,但仅仅父母的关注可能会错过一些需要支持的孩子,强调需要全面评估.
  • 儿科医生可以利用父母的担忧作为一个有价值的指标,但应该意识到潜在的局限性,并考虑进一步评估.