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相关概念视频

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts
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重复的元素转录积累与人类的炎症有关.

Meghan E Smith1, Devin Wahl1, Alyssa N Cavalier1

  • 1Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

GeroScience
|April 19, 2024
PubMed
概括

衰老会增加重复元素 (RE) 转录,导致炎症并减少健康的持续时间. 运动可以通过改变老年人RE甲基化和表达来减轻这种情况.

关键词:
衰老的衰老 衰老的衰老运动运动运动.炎症 炎症是一种炎症.文字转录学 (Transcriptomics) 是一个学科.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 衰老研究研究 衰老研究

背景情况:

  • 慢性,低度炎症,或炎症,与衰老和相关的功能衰退有关.
  • 重复元素 (RE) 越来越多地通过先天性免疫激活引起炎症,但人类数据有限.

研究的目的:

  • 研究RE转录,炎症和人类衰老之间的关系.
  • 探索衰老和有氧运动对RE表观遗传调节和表达的影响.

主要方法:

  • 中年和老年人的转录和全基因组双硫酸盐测序.
  • 对血清炎症标记物 (干白素-6) 和基因表达的分析.
  • 在二次数据集中评估RE染色质可访问性.

主要成果:

  • RE转录水平与先天性免疫传感器基因表达和血清中白蛋白-6.6正相关.
  • 衰老与RE低甲基化和RE转录量的增加有关.
  • 有氧运动降低了RE转录水平,并在老年人中增加了RE甲基化.
  • 观察到与年龄相关的RE染色质可访问性的变化.

结论:

  • 与年龄相关的RE转录的积累可能会导致人类的炎症.
  • 表观遗传变化,包括改变的DNA甲基化和染色质可访问性,可能是随着衰老的RE失调的基础.
  • 有氧运动显示出调节RE活动和减轻与年龄相关的炎症的潜力.