具有对比行为特征的化学表亲:MDMA使用者和甲基胺使用者在社会认知功能和攻击性方面存在差异
Amelie Zacher1, Josua Zimmermann2, David M Cole3
1Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
概括
慢性甲基胺 (METH) 用户表现出显著的侵略性和同理心缺陷,与表现出更冲动的侵略性的MDMA使用者不同. 这些社会认知障碍可能源于METH.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 甲基胺 (METH) 和MDMA有相似之处,但对精神药物和神经化学有不同的影响.
- 以前的研究表明对社会认知和行为的影响不同,但METH和MDMA用户之间的直接比较有限.
研究的目的:
- 直接比较慢性METH使用者,慢性MDMA使用者和刺激素素素的对照者的社会认知功能和社会行为.
- 调查物质使用和观察到的社会认知缺陷之间的潜在剂量反应关系.
主要方法:
- 在40名METH使用者,39名MDMA使用者和86名对照者中评估认知和情感同情 (多面同情测试) 和情感敏感性 (面部形态任务).
- 测量了积极的社会行为 (竞争性反应时间任务) 和特征愤怒.
- 使用自我报告和头发样本进行物质使用估计.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,METH使用者对积极刺激的同情心减少,惩罚性行为增加,特征愤怒增加.
- 与对照组不同,MDMA使用者表现出更强烈的惩罚性行为,尤其是在受到挑时.
- 较高的METH和MDMA头发度与认知同情感降低相关;更长期的MDMA使用与惩罚性行为增加相关.
结论:
- 长期使用METH与显著的侵略性和同理心缺陷有关,可能与多巴胺作用机制有关.
- 长期使用MDMA与冲动性攻击有关,特别是当被挑起时.
- 研究结果表明,一些社会认知缺陷可能是使用METH和MDMA的直接后果.
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