时间折扣中的标志效应不需要海马
Virginie M Patt1, Caroline Strang1, Mieke Verfaellie2
1Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
Neuropsychologia
|April 20, 2024
概括
时间折扣符号效应,人们将未来的损失重视于收益,不需要插曲性记忆. 这表明,决策中的预期情绪依赖于语义上的未来思维,而不是个人过去的经验.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经经济学 神经经济学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 人类表现出一个时间折扣标志效应,低估未来的收益比损失更多.
- 假设这种效应源于预期的情绪,如恐惧和品味,与未来的情节性思维联系在一起.
- 插曲式未来思维涉及到心理模拟特定的过去或未来事件.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查是否为时间折扣符号效应而必要的插曲性未来思维.
- 在患有海马体失忆症的个体中检查时间间决策,这些人有损伤的情节模拟.
- 为了区分标志效应与损失厌恶.
主要方法:
- 将患有海马体失忆症的个体与健康对照者的时间间选择进行比较.
- 在两组中评估了时间折扣符号效应的大小.
- 测量损失厌恶以控制其对决策的影响.
主要成果:
- 患有海马体失忆症的参与者表现出与对照人群大小相比的信号效应.
- 失去厌恶在海马体失忆症组中更大,但无法解释标志效应.
- 这些发现表明,符号效应独立于依赖海马体的情节性记忆.
结论:
- 时间折扣符号效应并不依赖于情节性未来思维的完整性.
- 影响决策的预期情绪可能利用语义未来思维,借鉴一般知识.
- 这表明,在经济决策中,在情节性和语义性未来思维之间存在分离.
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