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相关概念视频

Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Characteristics and Functions of Blood01:26

Characteristics and Functions of Blood

Blood is specialized connective tissue comprising about 8% of the body mass. It has a thick, liquid extracellular matrix that contains cells, dissolved proteins, and electrolytes, making it five times more viscous than water. Blood is warm, around 38°C, and has an alkaline pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and the lungs. Oxygenated blood is bright red, while oxygen-depleted blood is darker. It also carries...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow01:27

Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow

Blood flow through a cylindrical blood vessel can be mathematically described using the principles of laminar flow, a regime in which fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers. In this model, the velocity of the blood is not uniform across the cross-section of the vessel; rather, it varies with the radial distance from the center. The maximum velocity occurs along the central axis, decreasing progressively toward the vessel walls, where it reaches zero due to viscous drag.Approximating Blood...

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Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro
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通过血液交换方法揭示了白血病循环动力学.

Alex B Miller1,2, Felicia H Rodriguez2,3, Adam Langenbucher2,4

  • 1Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA.

Communications biology
|April 20, 2024
PubMed
概括

循环白血病细胞 (CLC) 在血液中存在的时间比瘤细胞长得多. 白血病的存在和治疗状况显著影响CLC清除率,揭示了动态的疾病过程.

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科学领域:

  • 血液学 血液学 血液学
  • 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学

背景情况:

  • 白血病和骨髓的微环境是动态的.
  • 人们对血液循环动力学和白血病细胞的清除知之甚少.
  • 了解这些动态对于疾病进展和治疗反应至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 了解在疾病进展和治疗期间的循环白血病细胞 (CLC) 动态.
  • 为了研究影响CLC从血液清除的因素.
  • 建立一种量化微环境对CLC动力学影响的方法.

主要方法:

  • 在急性白血病的小鼠模型中利用了血液交换方法.
  • CLCs的量化循环时间.
  • 评估了白血病在骨髓中的存在对CLC清除的影响.
  • 在复发性急性髓性白血病 (AML) 模型中研究了CLC清除率.
  • 评估了E-选择素在CLC清除中的作用.

主要成果:

  • CLCs的循环时间比固体瘤中的循环瘤细胞长1-2个数量级.
  • 骨髓中的白血病可以阻碍急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 模型中的CLC清除.
  • 复发性AML模型中的CLCs显示出比未经治疗的对应物更快的清除速度.
  • 确定了E-selectin作为影响CLC清除的一个因素.

结论:

  • CLC清除率是可变的,取决于瘤和治疗状态.
  • 这项研究提供了一种策略,以确定控制循环细胞运动的因素.
  • 研究结果提供了关于血液循环中的白血病细胞行为和潜在的治疗点的见解.