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相关概念视频

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.4K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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电化学介导的原子转移激进聚合,由交流电驱动.

Francesco De Bon1, Marco Fantin2, Vanessa A Pereira1

  • 1Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
|April 22, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

交替电流 (AC) 电解通过再生铜激活器来增强电化学介导的原子转移激素聚合 (eATRP). 这种方法可以通过高保真性和强大的电极对各种单体进行受控的聚合.

关键词:
在ATRP中使用ATRP.交替电流可以变流.电化学 电化学 电化学连接设计 连接设计聚合聚合的过程中.

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Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
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科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
  • 有机合成 有机合成

背景情况:

  • 交流电流 (AC) 和脉冲电解在电气 (有机) 合成中提供了优势.
  • 原子转移基聚合 (ATRP) 是一种受控聚合技术.
  • 铜 (Cu) 复合物是ATRP中常见的激活剂.

研究的目的:

  • 研究使用交流电解在电化学介导ATRP (eATRP) 中的应用.
  • 通过交流电解和化学方法探索铜激活器的双重再生.
  • 评估交流电解在聚合各种单体中的效率和范围.

主要方法:

  • 采用形,三角形和正方形波交流电解.
  • 使用Cu0电极进行激活器再生和作为补充激活器 (SARA ATRP).
  • 使用多种ATRP催化剂和11种不同的单体对交流电解进行测试.

主要成果:

  • 与DC电解或单独SARA ATRP相比,交流电解促进了烯酸盐的更快,更可控的聚合.
  • 在各种介质 (从水到散装) 中成功聚合了11个单体.
  • 在一系列催化剂活动中有效的聚合,从低到高.
  • 链延长实验证实了区块共聚合物的高链端忠实性.
  • 电极表现出强度,支持至少15次连续的聚合.

结论:

  • 交流电解是eATRP的一种多功能和有效的技术.
  • 双重再生机制提高了聚合控制和效率.
  • 这种方法对各种单体和催化剂系统具有广泛的适用性.
  • 坚固的Cu0电极使重复聚合成为可能,突出显示了其实用性.