婴儿的身体和社会环境的变化塑造了自发的运动方式
Justine Hoch1, Christina Hospodar2, Gabriela Koch da Costa Aguiar Alves2
1Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.
Developmental psychology
|April 22, 2024
概括
婴儿在玩粗的运动玩具时会移动更多. 护理人员的存在减少了精细运动玩具的运动,但不是粗运动玩具,影响婴儿的运动技能发展.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 获得运动技能 获得运动技能
- 婴儿行为婴儿行为
背景情况:
- 独立运动对于婴儿的积极发育结果至关重要.
- 获得运动技能,与认知或社会技能不同,依赖于自我生成的学习输入.
- 了解影响婴儿自发运动的因素是支持婴儿发育的关键.
研究的目的:
- 研究影响婴儿自发运动的环境和社会因素.
- 检查玩具类型 (粗发动机与精细发动机) 和社会背景 (单独与照顾者) 如何影响婴儿运动.
- 探索前行经验在塑造运动反应中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在自由游戏期间对40名婴儿 (12-22个月) 进行观察研究.
- 四个实验条件:只有粗体运动玩具,只有细体运动玩具,有护理人员的粗体运动玩具,有护理人员的细体运动玩具.
- 在不同的玩具和社会条件下量化婴儿运动.
主要成果:
- 婴儿在粗动力玩具条件下表现出明显更多的运动,而不是细动力玩具条件下.
- 护理人员的存在并没有改变粗运动玩具的运动,但减少了细运动玩具的运动.
- 具有更多行走经验的婴儿表现出与粗体运动玩具的运动增加.
结论:
- 玩具类型和社会背景相互作用,影响婴儿的运动.
- 粗体运动游戏似乎是婴儿运动的主要驱动因素,不太受社会存在的影响.
- 精细运动可能不那么有本质地激励移动,护理人员的存在可能会在这种情况下抑制运动.
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