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在开放和封闭系统中实验识别潜在的火星生物签名

Nisha K Ramkissoon¹, Michael C Macey¹, Ezgi Kucukkilic-Stephens¹

¹AstrobiologyOU, STEM Faculty, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

|April 22, 2024

概括

这项研究模拟了火星环境,以了解微生物生命如何可能留下可检测的迹象. 与封闭系统相比,开放系统显示出不同的微生物群落和矿物质变化,突出显示了进一步开放系统研究生物特征发现的需要.

科学领域:

天体生物学天体生物学
地质化学地质化学
微生物学微生物学

背景情况:

美国宇航局的Perseverance和欧洲航天局的Rosalind Franklin探测器旨在在火星上寻找古代生命.
来自微生物-矿物相互作用的地球化学生物标志是生命检测的关键目标.
以前的研究经常使用封闭系统,不反映火星的自然开放环境,如运河和湖泊.

研究的目的:

在模拟的火星开放和封闭系统中调查地化学生物标记的形成.
在不同的环境模拟中比较微生物社区的发展和矿物质的变化.
评估系统类型 (开放式与封闭式) 对潜在生物特征保存的影响.

主要方法:

通过使用火星 regolith模拟剂 (OUCM-1) 和建模地下水进行环境模拟实验.
在开放式 (流通式) 和封闭式 (批量式) 系统中引入了无氧微生物群体.
在28天内分析了微生物群落的多样性和矿物质溶解/沉.

主要成果:

开放系统模拟有利于乙烯基和硫酸盐减少细菌 (乙烯基细菌,Desulfosporomusa).
封闭系统模拟中,硫酸盐降解剂 (Desulfovibrio,Desulfomicrobium,Desulfuromonas) 占主导地位.
开放系统显示矿物质溶解的增强; 生物圈的封闭系统产生SiO2和Fe沉积物,与非生物条件不同.

结论:

在开放与封闭的火星环境模拟中产生了不同的地化学生物标志.
开放系统的动态对于理解潜在的生物特征形成和保存至关重要.
对开放系统生物标记形成的进一步研究对于火星探索任务至关重要.

关键词:

生物签名生物签名封闭系统是一个封闭的系统.火星火星火星火星火星开放式系统开放式系统模拟实验的实验是模拟的.

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