月经周期阶段和荷尔蒙避孕药对休息代谢率和身体成分的影响
Megan A Kuikman1, Alannah K A McKay1, Clare Minahan2,3
1Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
概括
休息代谢率和身体组成估计在月经周期 (MC) 中没有变化,也不与运动员使用荷尔蒙避孕药 (HC) 有差异. 测量结果可以在MC阶段之间进行比较,也可以在HC使用时进行比较,而不会导致性激素变化引起噪音.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
背景情况:
- 月经周期 (MC) 期间的性激素波动可能会影响休息代谢率 (RMR) 和身体组成.
- 荷尔蒙避孕药 (HC) 的使用会改变内源性性激素的特征,可能会影响这些生理措施.
- 了解这些影响对于准确评估女性运动员至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查RMR和双能X射线吸收计 (DXA) 的身体组成估计是否在运动员的MC之间有所不同.
- 为了比较自然骑自行车运动员和使用HC运动员之间的RMR和DXA身体组成估计.
- 确定性激素变化对运动员生理测量的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个为期5周的训练营,涉及自然骑自行车运动员 (n=11) 和HC用户 (n=12).
- 通过血清雌激醇,孕激素和排卵测试来进行回顾性MC阶段确认.
- 评估RMR和DXA人体成分,测试HC使用者的激素水平.
主要成果:
- 没有MC阶段对绝对或相对RMR或DXA身体组成估计的显著影响 (p > .05).
- HC使用对绝对或相对RMR或脂肪质量估计没有显著影响 (p > .05).
- 与自然骑自行车运动员相比,HC使用者表现出更大的无脂肪质量和瘦体质量 (p = .028).
结论:
- 运动员的RMR和DXA身体组成估计在MC中保持稳定.
- 测量RMR和身体成分在MC阶段和HC使用之间是可比的.
- 性激素的变化不会在这个运动队伍的RMR和DXA测量中引入显著的噪音.
相关概念视频
01:22Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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01:19The Menstrual Cycle
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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
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01:18Menses Phase
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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
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When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
260
01:25Metabolic Rate
367
The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
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367
01:19Secretory Phase
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The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
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01:30Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
476