伤害意图的枪支伤害的特点:需要量身定制的干预措施
Shelbie D Waddle1, Ashley B Hink, Deborah A Kuhls
1From the Department of Surgery (S.D.W.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine; American College of Surgeons (S.D.W., A.S.W., J.R., C.H., B.P., H.M., A.B.N.), Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery (A.B.H.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Surgery (D.A.K.), Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada; Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology (F.P.R.) and the Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program (F.P.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Surgery (J.V.S.), Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (L.L.A.) and Department of Surgery (L.L.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Surgery (A.B.N.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
枪支伤害的特点因意图而异,影响生存,需要量身定制的预防策略. 了解这些差异对于减少与枪支有关的死亡和改善社区安全至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 创伤外科 手术 创伤外科
背景情况:
- 关于枪支伤害幸存者向创伤中心提交的数据有限,特别是那些从急诊室出院的人.
- 这项研究通过分析幸存枪支伤害患者的特征来解决这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 描述那些在枪支伤害中幸存下来并出现在创伤中心的患者的特征.
- 确定与枪支伤害的意图相关的患者和社区因素的差异 (例如,袭击,自杀,无意,执法相关).
- 为制定有针对性的伤害预防策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项多中心前性队列研究,涉及2021年3月至2022年2月的128家美国创伤中心.
- 收集的数据包括患者人口统计,伤害细节,临床信息,社区特征和伤害背景.
- 分析了这些因素与枪支伤害意图之间的关联,考虑到城市化,社区困境和州枪支法律.
主要成果:
- 分析了15232名患有枪支伤害的患者;9.5%的人死亡.
- 与执法相关的 (80.9%) 和自我伤害 (50.5%) 的死亡率更高,这些伤害通常与精神疾病史有关.
- 自杀伤害在农村地区的老年白人男性中更为常见;在城市地区的年轻黑人男性中,攻击更为常见.
- 与较弱的州枪支法律相关的无意伤害;执法人员伤害导致失业和精神疾病史.
结论:
- 根据枪支伤害的意图,伤害,临床,社会人口和社区特征存在显著差异.
- 有效的枪支伤害预防需要针对社区因素和特定患者风险的量身定制干预措施.
- 战略必须整合社区改善和有针对性的服务,以减少与枪支有关的死亡.
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