[瑞士的心血管疾病 - 患病率和护理]
Thomas Rosemann1, Agnès Bachofner2, Oliver Strehle3
1Universitätsspital Zürich, Institut für Hausarztmedizin, Pestalozzistrasse 24, 8091 Zürich.
Praxis
|April 24, 2024
概括
心血管疾病 (CVD) 是瑞士的一个主要健康问题,导致严重的死亡率和经济成本. 通过预防改善对高血压和肥胖等危险因素的控制对于降低疾病负担至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是瑞士死亡和住院的主要原因,尽管有先进的紧急护理.
- 在控制心血管疾病风险因素方面存在显著的证据实践差距,其中高比例是不受控制的高血压,高LDL胆固醇和糖尿病.
- 吸烟,肥胖和久坐的生活方式的流行进一步加剧了瑞士的心血管疾病负担.
研究的目的:
- 要突出与瑞士CVD相关的大量发病率和死亡率.
- 量化心血管疾病的经济影响,包括因残疾调整的寿命年 (DALYs) 和医疗保健费用.
- 强调初级和二级预防策略在缓解心血管疾病结果方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 分析瑞士心血管疾病住院和死亡率数据.
- 评估主要心血管风险因素 (高血压,高脂血症,糖尿病,吸烟,肥胖,身体不活动) 的患病率.
- 由于心脏病风险因素而损失的残疾调整寿命年 (DALYs) 的计算和相关社会经济成本的估计.
主要成果:
- 2021年,心血管疾病在瑞士造成19600人死亡,133,000人住院.
- 观察到高比例的不受控制的危险因素:55%的高血压,81%的高LDL胆固醇,44%的糖尿病.
- 心血管疾病风险因素导致311,332个DALY丢失,其中高脂血症 (64,445个DALY) 和吸烟 (47,639个DALY) 的贡献很大.
结论:
- 在瑞士,低于最佳的心血管风险因素控制导致可预防的发病率,死亡率和巨大的经济成本.
- 初级和二级预防策略为减少心血管疾病负担提供了关键机会.
- 解决可修改的风险因素对于改善公共卫生和减少与心血管疾病相关的重大医疗保健成本至关重要.
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