从现存和灭绝的象物种使用拉曼光谱对象牙的歧视:一种潜在的非破坏性技术,用于打击非法野生动物贸易
Rebecca F Shepherd1,2, Adrian M Lister3, Alice M Roberts4
1Bristol School of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|April 24, 2024
概括
拉曼光谱可以根据它们的化学成分区分猛象和大象象牙. 这种非破坏性技术为识别象牙物种提供了有希望的解决方案,有助于保护和贸易监管工作.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 分析化学 分析化学
- 古生物学的古生物学
背景情况:
- 大象象牙贸易有助于大象种群的减少,而猛象牙贸易仍然不受管制.
- 区分大象和猛象牙是很有挑战性的,需要破坏性和耗时的方法.
- 象牙的组成,主要是牙,与骨有相似之处,这表明光谱分析的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 调查拉曼光谱在分辨猛象和大象象牙方面的潜力.
- 测试假设猛象和大象象象牙之间存在化学差异,这种差异可以通过拉曼光谱检测.
主要方法:
- 从Mammuthus primigenius (巨乳) 和Loxodonta/Elephas物种 (大象) 获得的象牙样本.
- 分析象牙样本使用拉曼光谱法,使用785nm激光和x50客观镜头.
- 使用主要成分分析 (PCA) 和高峰强度比的单变量分析处理的光谱数据.
主要成果:
- 在猛象牙和大象象牙之间的峰值强度比率 (酸盐到胺,碳酸盐到酸盐) 中发现了统计学上显著的差异 (p<0.0001).
- 对酸盐峰的半最大全宽度 (FWHM) 的分析表明,猛象牙的晶体成熟度更高.
- PCA成功地将拉曼光谱分为不同的类别,对应于象牙物种.
结论:
- 拉曼光谱学可以有效地描述保存良好的猛象和大象象牙.
- 这种技术为象牙的物种识别提供了一个有希望的,非破坏性的方法.
- 这些发现支持开发用于考古和贸易监管目的的快速识别工具.
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