阿斯特拉加卢斯多糖的治疗糖尿病的潜力及其作用机制
Shiyu Liu1, Luyao Wang1, Zehua Zhang1
1Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Frontiers in pharmacology
|April 25, 2024
概括
阿斯特拉加卢斯多糖 (APS) 通过改善胰岛素耐药性和保护细胞,在治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症方面表现有前途. 需要进一步的研究来确认其临床有效性和最佳使用.
科学领域:
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病是一个主要的全球健康问题,具有严重的并发症,如糖尿病心肌病,病和视网膜病变.
- 阿斯特拉加卢斯多糖 (Astragalus polysaccharide,简称APS) 是从Astragalus membranaceus中提取的,它具有不同的生理效应.
- APS越来越多地因其在血糖控制和管理糖尿病及其并发症方面的潜力而得到认可.
研究的目的:
- 在过去的20年里,审查了关于阿斯特拉加勒斯多糖 (Astragalus polysaccharide,APS) 的文献.
- 详细介绍APS在预防和治疗2型糖尿病中的作用机制.
- 评估APS在治疗糖尿病并发症方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 从多个数据库中对APS进行系统的文献审查.
- 对各种糖尿病模型中APS研究的研究分析.
- 对APS对血糖控制和糖尿病并发症的影响的研究进行了审查.
主要成果:
- APS显示了治疗糖尿病的多种机制,包括增强胰岛素耐药性,免疫调节,小岛细胞保护和改善肠道微生物群.
- 在管理糖尿病并发症,如视网膜病变,病,心肌病,认知功能障碍和伤口愈合方面,APS显示出显著的潜力.
- 该审查强调了APS的积极药理价值和临床潜力.
结论:
- 阿斯特拉加卢斯多糖 (APS) 是治疗2型糖尿病及其相关并发症的有希望的治疗候选药物.
- 进一步的研究是必要的,以确定APS的生物利用性,最佳剂量,并收集更多的临床证据.
- 通过其各种生物活动,APS提供了多方面的糖尿病管理方法.
相关概念视频
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
174
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
Acarbose and miglitol are...
174
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
192
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
192
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.3K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.3K
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
319
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
319
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
181
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
181
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K


