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淡水巨型鱼的全球引入和环境影响

Xing Chen^1,2, Thomas G Evans², Jonathan M Jeschke^1,2

¹Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.

Global change biology

|April 25, 2024

概括

淡水巨型鱼的引入非常普遍,有46%的物种在新的环境中建立,对本地生物多样性造成了显著的负面影响. 综合性风险评估对于管理这些入侵物种和保护生态系统至关重要.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
侵入性物种生物学生物学
保护科学保护科学

背景情况:

淡水巨型鱼 (≥30公斤) 是具有魅力和经济价值的,导致在本土范围之外的广泛引入.
这些引入已经发生在全球59%的主要盆地,美国和西欧的热点.
常见的鱼 (Cyprinus carpio) 是全球最常见的大型鱼类物种.

研究的目的:

为全球淡水巨型鱼的引入提供全面的概述.
评估外来淡水巨型鱼对本地物种和生态系统的环境影响,包括负面和积极的影响.
突出需要改进风险评估和长期监测入侵大鱼的需要.

主要方法:

汇编关于淡水巨鱼引入和分布的数据.
使用外来税的环境影响分类框架 (EICAT和EICAT+) 评估环境影响.
分析引入程度,研究努力和记录影响之间的关系.

主要成果:

现存的134种淡水巨鱼物种中有46%已被引入,其中69%建立了自给自足的种群.
外星巨鱼通过捕食,食草和竞争造成负面影响,导致本地种群减少或灭绝58%的评估物种.
积极的环境影响的记录较少,包括通过生物相互作用和资源提供对本地物种的好处.

结论:

外星人淡水巨型鱼对本地生物多样性构成重大威胁,全球记录了严重的影响.
大型鱼引入带来的经济益处与其不利的生态后果之间存在关键的权衡.
需要紧急实施全面的风险评估和加强监测,以减轻影响,特别是在全球南方.

关键词:

国际海事组织 (EICAT) 在在EICAT+中使用EICAT.国际自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 表示.外来物种外来物种.生物入侵生物入侵影响评估的影响评估.巨大的动物群.非本地鱼类不是本地鱼类.

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