使用从常规联系人追踪中收集的暴露数据进行COVID-19集群监测:基于新型信息学方法的基因组验证,用于在英格兰检测疫情
Simon Packer1, Piotr Patrzylas1, Iona Smith1
1United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom.
PLOS digital health
|April 25, 2024
概括
在英格兰,加强的接触追踪发现了超过269,000个COVID-19暴露群,其中25%是基因确定的. 这种监测方法比标准系统更早地检测出疫情,特别是在工作场所和教育环境中.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 基因组流行病学 基因组流行病学
背景情况:
- 由于其传播特征,标准的接触追踪不足以控制COVID-19.
- 加强接触者追踪计划是有效的COVID-19集群监测所需的.
- 英格兰实施了一项国家加强的接触者追踪计划,用于COVID-19集群监测.
研究的目的:
- 描述和证明英格兰COVID-19集群监测的国家增强联系人追踪计划的有效性.
- 识别与遗传有效性相关的暴露集群的特征.
- 将增强型联系人追踪的检测能力与现有的事件管理系统进行比较.
主要方法:
- 从国家联系人追踪系统 (2020年10月 - 2021年9月) 提取的数据.
- 通过参加同一事件 (邮政编码,事件类别,7天窗口) 的匹配案例算法识别了暴露集群.
- 通过具有相同病毒序列的不同家庭的≥2个病例来定义遗传有效性;使用后勤回归来分析集群特征.
主要成果:
- 确定了269,470个暴露集群;25% (3,306/13,008) 是基因有效的.
- 81%的基因有效集群没有被记录在国家事件管理系统 (HPZone) 中,并且在一天前被检测到.
- 工作场所 (aOR=5.10) 和教育 (aOR=3.72) 设置与基因有效集群有显著的关联.
结论:
- 在英格兰,加强接触者追踪提供了在社区环境中及时,全面和系统地检测COVID-19传播事件.
- 集群监测为在地方,区域和国家层面管理COVID-19疫情提供了有价值的情报.
- 未来的系统应纳入预测建模和网络分析,以提高风险评估和疫情检测的有效性.
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