预防在医院获得的非呼吸器肺炎的做法:叙述性综述
A Livesey1, S Quarton2, H Pittaway3
1National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
The Journal of hospital infection
|April 25, 2024
概括
在非呼吸器患者中预防医院获得的肺炎 (HAP) 是至关重要的. 虽然许多干预措施显示出减少HAP的希望,但目前的证据基础很弱,需要进一步研究.
科学领域:
- 与医疗保健相关的感染
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 患者的安全性 患者安全性
背景情况:
- 鼻腔感染显著增加患者的发病率,死亡率和医疗保健费用.
- 医院获得性肺炎 (HAP) 是最常见的医院感染,导致高死亡率和长时间住院.
- 非呼吸器HAP (NV-HAP) 提出了重大的临床挑战,增加的风险因素有助于其发生率.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析现有的非呼吸器医院肺炎 (NV-HAP) 的预防策略.
- 确定NV-HAP预防现有证据库和研究方法的局限性.
- 倡导标准化研究定义和结果措施,以推进NV-HAP预防研究.
主要方法:
- 对NV-HAP预防策略的文献进行系统审查.
- 讨论干预措施,包括吸收风险管理,口腔卫生,动员,物理治疗,环境修改和疫苗接种.
- 分析现有研究的局限性,例如缺乏统一的定义和不一致的结果指标.
主要成果:
- 对NV-HAP的几个预防策略是低风险的,患者可以接受的,并且具有成本效益.
- 目前支持预防NV-HAP的证据有限,被认为是弱的.
- 关键的局限性包括缺乏统一的研究定义,研究中招募人数不足,以及各种干预/结果措施.
结论:
- 迫切需要进行强有力的研究,以改善NV-HAP的预防,因为风险因素的增加.
- 建立一个统一的NV-HAP定义和核心成果集对于未来的研究至关重要.
- 有效的NV-HAP预防策略可以显著降低患者的发病率,死亡率和医疗保健支出.
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