了解面向运输的发展中的颗粒物动态:交通作为发电机,设计作为捕获器
Esraa Elmarakby1, Hisham Elkadi2
1The University of Salford, School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Egypt.
The Science of the total environment
|April 25, 2024
概括
面向过境的发展 (TODs) 捕获交通污染,特别是颗粒物 (PM2.5). 较深的街道峡谷会使PM水平恶化,而当地道路上的较低速度会增加PM,这与假设相反.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 面向交通的发展 (TODs) 整合了交通繁忙的住宅区,增加了与交通有关的空气污染的暴露.
- 来自交通的颗粒物物 (PM),特别是非废气排放 (NEE),带来健康风险,目前的立法有限.
- 在TOD中城市热岛 (UHI) 效应可能会加剧PM捕获和居民暴露.
研究的目的:
- 调查 TOD 交通和城市设计在产生和捕获颗粒物中的作用 (PM10/PM2.5).
- 为了在曼彻斯特TOD中建立街道峡谷几何,车辆速度和PM度之间的相关性.
- 提供设计指导和交通管理策略,以减轻TOD中的PM暴露.
主要方法:
- 对曼彻斯特 (皮卡迪利和东迪兹伯里) 的两个TOD类型学的分析,重点关注街道峡谷比率和PM水平.
- 使用Breezometer API进行实时PM监测和PTV Group API进行车辆速度计算.
- 道路设计参数 (峡谷比率,建筑高度) 和车辆速度与PM10和PM2.5度之间的相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 在两个TOD区域检测到高水平的PM,特别是PM2.5,超过了世卫组织的建议.
- 发现深深的街道峡谷限制了PM分散,突出了城市设计在PM制方面的重要性.
- 观察到车辆速度和PM之间的复杂关系:在动脉道路上有正相关性,但在当地街道上有负相关性,表明速度下降时PM增加.
结论:
- TOD设计显著影响PM产生和捕获;避免深峡谷对于更好的空气质量至关重要.
- 交通管理策略需要重新评估,因为某些道路上较低的速度与较高的PM度相关,这表明NEE的影响.
- 综合城市规划和交通管理对于减少颗粒物暴露和改善 TOD 公共卫生至关重要.
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