世界卫生组织的元素 - - 一个新的类别的自私的遗传元素在homing元素和可转移元素之间的边界线上
Matthieu Osborne1, Athaliah Fubara1, Eoin Ó Cinnéide1
1Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Seminars in cell & developmental biology
|April 25, 2024
概括
在酵母中发现了一种新类别的自私DNA,即WHO元素. 这些元素与整因和归属内子不同,它们插入FBA1基因并通过归属机制传播.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 归属基因元素,如整因和归属内子,是通过偏向遗传传播的自私DNA.
- 这些元素利用特定站点的内核酶在目标站点创建DNA断裂,然后通过复制元素来修复.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述WHO的元素,新发现的第三类归属遗传元素.
- 为了区分WHO元素与先前已知的intins和homing introns.
- 探索世卫组织元素的进化动态和潜在转化.
主要方法:
- 复习现有的关于本地人的遗传元素文献.
- 对酵母菌种的基因组数据进行分析,以识别和描述WHO的元素.
- 对WHO元素,整因和内基因的分子机制和基因组位置的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 世卫组织的元素代表了第三种独特的归属基因元素类别,主要存在于酵母中.
- 与整因和内子不同,WHO元素不会中断它们的宿主基因 (FBA1) 并以集群形式出现.
- 这种聚类表明,世卫组织元素内核酶与其FBA1点位之间存在着进化"军备竞赛".
- 一个家族,WHO10,已经超出了特定的FBA1关联,在Torulaspora globosa中表现出可移植的行为.
结论:
- 世界卫生组织的元素扩大了我们对自私DNA和指导机制的理解.
- 它们的独特特征,包括不破坏宿主基因和聚类,为基因组进化提供了洞察力.
- 在一些WHO元素中出现可转移的行为模糊了归属和可转移元素之间的界限,突出了进化的可塑性.
相关概念视频
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.4K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.4K
DNA-only Transposons
14.5K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.5K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.5K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
6.9K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.9K
Gene Conversion
9.7K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
9.7K


