美国,2020年12月11日 - 2022年3月29日,COVID-19疫苗接种场所的可访问性
Emerging infectious diseases
|April 26, 2024
概括
根据地点和运输方式,COVID-19疫苗的可用性有所不同. 虽然驾驶提供了高可达性,但步行可达性较低,特别是在社会脆弱地区,突出了改善步行和交通的需求.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 美国在2020年12月至2022年3月期间注射了大约7亿剂COVID-19疫苗.
- 在此期间,美国大约75%的成年人接种了疫苗.
- 评估这些接种场所的可访问性对于理解疫苗公平至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估美国各地COVID-19疫苗接种地点的可访问性.
- 根据步行和驾驶时间分析可访问性.
- 检查社会脆弱性较高的地区和城市/农村分类之间的可访问性差异.
主要方法:
- 使用步行和驾驶时间指标评估疫苗接种地点的可访问性.
- 分析了一般人口的可访问性数据,特别是高社会脆弱性县的人口.
- 在不同的城市和农村类别中比较可访问性.
主要成果:
- 在15分钟,30分钟,45分钟和60分钟内步行可达率分别达到46.6%,74.8%,82.8%和86.7%的人口.
- 在高度社会脆弱的县,步行可达率为55.3% (15分钟) 至89.4% (60分钟).
- 驾驶可访问性很高,最低为15分钟内96.5%;在所有城市/农村地区,30分钟的驾驶可访问性超过95.9%.
结论:
- 在不同司法管辖区和城市/农村环境中观察到步行可达性的显著差异.
- 改善可行性和交通工具的可用性可以提高疫苗接种地点的可访问性,特别是对于弱势群体.
- 驾驶提供了广泛的可访问性,但步行可访问性凸显了COVID-19疫苗接种计划中的潜在公平差距.
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