全球控制乙型肝炎的前景
Vicente Soriano1, Víctor Moreno-Torres1,2, Ana Treviño1
1UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2024
概括
乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染是全球卫生危机. 新疗法旨在实现功能性治疗,但终身治疗和疫苗接种是消除HBV的关键.
科学领域:
- 肝病学和病毒学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染影响全球超过2.5亿人,导致肝癌导致的死亡率很高.
- 尽管有疫苗,但全球疫苗覆盖率仍不够理想,每年有150万例新感染,主要是通过成年人的性传播.
- 目前的口服核胺类型可以实现病毒抑制,但很少能有效治愈,需要终身治疗.
研究的目的:
- 审查B型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 管理的现状,并探索新兴的治疗策略.
- 突出现有治疗方法的局限性和需要新的方法来实现慢性HBV的功能治疗.
- 概述全球根除HBV的基本公共卫生行动.
主要方法:
- 审查当前的抗病毒疗法,包括口服核胺类型 (恩特卡维尔,特诺福维尔).
- 讨论正在开发的新型治疗药物 (进入抑制剂,囊组装调节器,RNA干扰).
- 探索先进的策略,如组合疗法,基因编辑和对HBV基因组破坏的基因疗法.
主要成果:
- 核胺模拟疗法导致大多数坚持患者无法检测的病毒病,但很少实现抗HBs血清转化或治愈.
- 新兴疗法和组合策略的目标是功能性治疗 (负HBV-DNA和HBsAg),尽管ccccDNA储存库仍然存在.
- 基因疗法有可能彻底破坏HBV基因组并完全治愈.
结论:
- 目前需要终身抗病毒治疗,但新的长效配方和新型药物有望改善结果.
- 实现功能性治疗仍然是一个目标,基因疗法显示出最终根除的希望.
- 扩大新生儿疫苗接种,成人查和早期抗病毒治疗对于全球的HBV控制和消除至关重要.
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