发育协调障碍儿童的非典型程序学习:一种综合行为和神经成像研究
Kaila M Bianco1, Pamela Barhoun1, Jarrad A G Lum1
1Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Brain and cognition
|April 26, 2024
概括
患有发育协调障碍 (DCD) 的儿童在运动任务上表现出受损的程序学习 (PL),可能与小脑差异有关. 这项研究探讨了DCD中的PL,考虑了注意力和大脑结构.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 发动机控制器的控制器
背景情况:
- 程序式学习 (PL) 对于运动技能发展至关重要.
- 发育协调障碍 (DCD) 与运动技能缺陷有关.
- 在DDC中对PL的注意力和神经解剖学的作用尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查患有DCD的儿童的程序学习 (PL),解释注意力不集中.
- 为了检查前端-基底-大脑细胞形态与DCD中的PL之间的关系.
- 澄清患有DCD的儿童中PL缺陷的神经结构基础.
主要方法:
- 59名儿童 (6-14岁) 完成了连续反应时间 (SRT) 任务,以评估PL.
- 使用注意力缺陷过度活动障碍评级尺度-IV测量了注意力缺陷症状.
- 使用FreeSurfer从T1MRI扫描分析了大脑结构 (小脑,基底,额头区域).
主要成果:
- 控制组在SRT任务上表现出学习,与DDC儿童不同,即使在控制注意力不集中之后.
- 程序式学习 (PL) 的表现与小脑皮质体积正相关.
- 与对照组相比,患有DCD的儿童表现出大脑小脑体积减少的趋势.
结论:
- 与对照人群相比,患有DCD的儿童可能表现出非典型的程序学习 (PL).
- 这种PL的差异与大脑小脑形态的改变有关.
- 小脑结构在儿童的过程性学习 (PL) 中发挥着重要作用,特别是那些患有DCD的儿童.
更多相关视频
08:26Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Published on: January 11, 2016
12.1K
08:42A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
Published on: July 31, 2017
8.2K
相关概念视频
Associative Learning
345
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
345
Learning Disabilities
104
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
104
Conduct Disorder
33
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
33
Autism Spectrum Disorder
87
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
87
Information Processing Approach
34
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
34
Operant Conditioning Intervention
56
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
56
