对自闭症和多动症多动症儿童和青少年的执行功能进行比较 - 一个系统性审查和元分析
Claudia Ceruti1, Alessandra Mingozzi1, Nicoletta Scionti1
1Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2024
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 显示执行功能 (EF) 的差异,特别是在日常生活中. 调查问卷显示,ADHD障碍比ASD更明显,与性能测试不同.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 与执行功能 (EF) 缺陷有关.
- 这些EF损害的确切性质和特异性仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较ASD,ADHD和ASD+ADHD组合中的EF概况,与典型发展 (TD) 个体进行比较.
- 调查EF评估方法 (性能测试与问卷) 是否影响观察到的差异.
主要方法:
- 一项元分析综合了36项符合条件的研究的数据.
- 使用神经心理测试和自我/告知者报告问卷对EF性能进行比较.
主要成果:
- 无论是ASD和ADHD组,都比TD组表现出更大的EF困难,特别是在问卷上.
- 使用神经心理测试 (d = 0.02) 在ASD和ADHD之间没有发现显著的EF特征差异.
- 基于问卷的评估显示出显著的差异,ADHD的评分高于ASD (d = -0.34).
- ASD+ADHD组表现出更类似于单独的ADHD的EF概况,并且比单独的ASD组表现出更多的困难.
结论:
- 环境环境评估工具捕捉了不同的构造;问卷可以更好地预测现实世界环境环境挑战.
- 虽然性能测试显示ASD和ADHD的EF概况相似,但调查问卷突出了明显的差异,表明对日常功能的影响各不相同.
- 综合的ASD+ADHD诊断呈现出更严重的EF概况,与ADHD非常相似.
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