适应跨文化背景对执行职能评估的原则
Matthew C H Jukes1, Ishita Ahmed2, Sara Baker3
1International Education Division, RTI International, London E2 9FR, UK.
Brain sciences
|April 27, 2024
概括
执行职能 (EF) 的评估可能在文化上并不普遍. 文化偏好影响测试成绩,需要适应的协议,以更广泛地理解认知技能.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 执行职能 (EF) 的直接评估在研究和临床环境中被广泛使用.
- 一个核心假设是,这些评估衡量了普遍的认知技能.
- 全球使用EF评估引发了对文化适应性的担忧,特别是对于那些在西方背景下开发的文化适应性.
研究的目的:
- 审查可能与EF评估假设相冲突的文化偏好的多学科证据和理论.
- 确定影响EFS评估在不同人群中的有效性和适用性的特定文化因素.
- 提出适应EF评估的策略,以提高其文化相关性和科学实用性.
主要方法:
- 选择性审查多学科证据和理论框架.
- 识别可能与EF评估隐含假设相冲突的文化偏好.
- 分析动机,社交互动,思维方式和熟悉度的文化差异如何影响测试成绩.
主要成果:
- 关于动机,人际交往,思维方式 (上下文化与学术化),时间感知,愿意变得非常规以及对主题的熟悉性的文化偏好可能与EF评估需求发生冲突.
- 这些文化变化往往在相互依赖和独立的文化之间,以及受过教育和未受过教育的人口之间表现得很明显.
- 不兼容性源于不同的文化规范,这可能会影响评估期间的合规,参与和响应策略.
结论:
- 标准化的EF评估可能无法准确地捕捉到不同文化群体的认知能力,这是由于隐含的西方偏见.
- 调整测试协议以符合特定的文化偏好对于执行职能准确的跨文化研究至关重要.
- 未来的研究和实践必须解决这些文化考虑,以扩大对EF的科学理解,超越历史研究的种群.
相关概念视频
01:26Cultural Influences on Personality
155
Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
155
01:30Information Processing Approach
34
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
34
01:27Intelligence
7.4K
The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
7.4K
01:27Language and Cognition
343
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
343
01:29Measures of Intelligence
7.2K
Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
7.2K