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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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从T细胞生成的人工细胞外囊,使用不同的诱导技术.

Ekaterina A Zmievskaya1, Sabir A Mukhametshin1, Irina A Ganeeva1

  • 1Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.

Biomedicines
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员探索了增加细胞外囊泡 (EV) 产生用于无细胞治疗的方法. 超声波与T细胞激活相结合,显著提高了EV产量和治疗性蛋白质含量.

关键词:
在T细胞,T细胞.人工囊泡的人工囊泡细胞外囊泡中的细胞外囊泡.超声波的超声波处理方法囊泡诱导诱导是什么意思

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科学领域:

  • 生物医学是生物医学.
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.

背景情况:

  • 细胞疗法在瘤学和再生医学方面表现有前途,但面临着效率有限和后勤问题等挑战.
  • 细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 提供了无细胞的治疗替代方案,但低产量阻碍了临床转化.
  • 开发高产量EV生产方法对于推进无细胞疗法至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 评估B细胞和超声波作为诱导T细胞人工囊泡产生方法.
  • 为了比较这些人工诱导方法产生的囊泡的产量和含量与自然分泌.
  • 为无细胞应用确定最大限度地提高EV产量和治疗蛋白质含量的最有效方法.

主要方法:

  • 主要T细胞和SupT1细胞系被用B细胞 (化学诱导剂) 或超声波 (物理诱导剂) 治疗.
  • 囊泡生产产量被量化并与各种方法和自然分泌物进行比较.
  • 分析了囊泡的组成,包括蛋白质含量 (例如CD3,HLAII,granzyme B).

主要成果:

  • 细胞素B和超声波都诱导了人造囊泡的产生.
  • 与自然分泌相比,超声波导致颗粒产量增加了三倍.
  • 将抗CD3/CD28抗体激活与超声波相结合,导致富含CD3,大酶B和HLA II等功能蛋白质的颗粒增加了7倍.

结论:

  • 超声波,特别是与T细胞激活相结合时,是一种非常有效的方法,可以显著增加细胞外囊泡产量.
  • 这种方法增强了含有功能重要治疗蛋白质的EVs的产生,解决了无细胞疗法开发的关键局限性.
  • 通过超声波等物理诱导方法优化EV生产,为推进再生医学和瘤治疗提供了重大潜力.