鉴定,表达和进化分析两种cyp19-like基因在Amphioxusus中的表达
Yajun Wang1, Jingyuan Lin1, Wenjin Li1
1College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|April 27, 2024
概括
研究人员在amphioxus中发现了两个类似芳香酶的基因,揭示了性别决定进化的洞察力. 这两种基因对于生殖腺早期发育至关重要,表达模式为脊椎动物的性别差异化起源提供了线索.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 性决定和差异化机制是生殖和发育生物学中的关键研究领域.
- 两虫的性别分化的调节还没有得到很好的理解.
- 细胞染色体P450家族19亚家族A成员1 (CYP19A1),一种芳香酶,通过将雄激素转化为雌激素,对性别差异化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和表征酸酶类基因在amphioxus.
- 为了研究这些基因在生殖腺发育期间的表达模式.
- 了解脊椎动物性别决定机制的进化起源.
主要方法:
- 在amphioxus中基因鉴定和表征.
- 在各种组织和发育阶段对基因表达的定量分析.
- 基因产品在细胞区内的定位研究.
主要成果:
- 在amphioxus中发现了两种新型的芳香酶类基因,即cyp19-like1和cyp19-like2.
- cyp19-like1可能代表一种祖先形式,而cyp19-like2可能是由基因重复产生的.
- 这两种基因都在生殖腺中表达高,局限于微体膜,在发育过程中表达下降.
结论:
- 这项研究阐明了两种芳酶类基因在两虫性别分化中的作用.
- 这些发现为CYP19A1的进化史和脊椎动物的性别确定提供了洞察力.
- 这些表达模式表明,在各个物种的早期性腺发育中,性腺的功能是保留的.
相关概念视频
02:32Exon Recombination
3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.9K
01:51Lampbrush Chromosomes
7.9K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
7.9K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.1K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
02:11Reporter Genes
11.3K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
11.3K