优化大规模疫苗接种地点的选择:考虑接入和公平
Basim Aljohani1, Randolph Hall2
1Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
概括
在洛杉矶县优化COVID-19疫苗接种地点的选择,改善了弱势群体的公平接入. 该模型通过考虑不仅仅是邻近因素,减少了旅行时间,特别是面临差距的族群.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 在早期COVID-19大流行期间,有限的疫苗接种能力不成比例地影响了像洛杉矶县这样的大型大都市地区.
- 洛杉矶县最初的疫苗接种地点分配导致居民的旅行时间大幅缩短.
- 洛杉矶县的1000多万居民面临着进入有限的初始疫苗接种地点的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一个混合整数线性模型,以优化COVID-19疫苗接种地点的选择.
- 优先考虑弱势群体获得公平的机会,考虑各种社会经济和人口因素.
- 分析优化选址对不同族群旅行时间的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种混合整数线性编程模型,以优化疫苗接种地点的位置.
- 分析涵盖了2020年12月至2021年5月洛杉矶县的277个邮政编码.
- 该模型包含了包括汽车所有权,种族群体疾病脆弱性,健康地点指数和通过汽车和公共交通运输的旅行时间在内的变量.
主要成果:
- 优化的模型显示,与所有族群的实际分配相比,在地点分配方面表现优越.
- 白人人口经历了更长的旅行时间,可能是由于居住在人口不那么密集的地区.
- 拉丁裔和黑人代表性较高的人口,通常靠近城市中心,受益于优化模型中的减少旅行时间.
- 没有汽车所有权的个人面临着严重的访问劣势.
结论:
- 优化疫苗接种地点的选择可以显著提高不同人群的平等接种机会.
- 解决交通障碍,特别是那些没有汽车的人,对于疫苗公平至关重要.
- 疫苗接种地点的数量会影响公共交通运输用户,但疫苗的可用性和可搜索性仍然是关键因素.
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