在L. Passiflora中的可移植元素和卫星DNA的细胞基因组特性
Gonçalo Santos Silva1, Margarete Magalhães Souza1, Vanessa de Carvalho Cayres Pamponét1
1Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil.
Genes
|April 27, 2024
概括
这项研究分析了三种Passiflora物种的重复DNA,发现基因组含量和逆转移素比例的显著变化. 基因组大小的增加与这些经济重要植物的重复性DNA扩张有关.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 植物科学 植物科学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 种类Passiflora alata,P. cincinnata和P. edulis由于它们的食用水果而在经济上具有重要意义.
- 了解重复的DNA分数对于描述植物基因组及其演变至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较P. alata,P. edulis和P. cincinnata的重复基因组部分.
- 在这些Passiflora物种中识别和量化重复的DNA序列,包括逆转移子和卫星DNA.
- 为了研究基因组大小和重复性DNA含量之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用RepeatExplorer进行重复DNA分析,用于重复序列的聚类和识别.
- 通过光现场杂交 (FISH) 来绘制染色体映射,以确定重复元素的位置.
主要成果:
- 重复性DNA构成了基因组的主要部分:P. alata的74.70%,P. edulis的66.86%,P. cincinnata的62.24%.
- 在P. alata和P. edulis中,LTR Ty3/Gypsy逆转移子占主导地位,而在P. cincinnata中,Ty1/Copia是最丰富的.
- LTR逆转移体表现出分散的染色体分布,145bp卫星DNA被局部化到子端粒区域.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了第一个全面的表征在Passiflora重复的DNA组成.
- 在这些物种中,基因组大小的增加与重复性DNA的扩展有关.
- 重复性DNA在Passiflora的基因组结构,组织和进化中发挥着重要作用.
相关概念视频
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.4K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.4K
DNA-only Transposons
14.5K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.5K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.5K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
6.9K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.9K
Non-nuclear Inheritance
21.5K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
21.5K


